richard hakluyt reasons for colonization
His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? ?died Nov. 23, 1616, England), British geographer. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. She taught for history for fifteen years. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. 2021. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. The increase of the force of the Christians. Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). 1. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. Some of the gentlemen of her court wished to pursue opportunities to colonize, and Hakluyt wrote Discourse on Western Planting to encourage her to lend her support to men such as Sir Walter Raleigh. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1574, followed by a Master of Arts in 1577. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Reasons for Colonization 1. Learn More. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. How does Hakluyt depict indigenous peoples? In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. IvyPanda, 8 Apr. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. Bod. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [10][19] In the following year, he was elected archdeacon of the Abbey. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582). While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. . If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. He also translated numerous works on the subject into English. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. . In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. 2. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. 21 chapters | Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. must. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. 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Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). List his reasons for supporting colonization. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. . He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View specifically for you for only 11.00 9.35/page. Money needed to come from private investment. 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A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. Under the reference "Bib. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. How does Hakluyt justify British claims to territorial possession in the Western Hemisphere? Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Omissions? IvyPanda. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London.
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