soft tissue in dinosaur bones debunked

soft tissue in dinosaur bones debunked

Margaret Osborne Iron is also highly reactive with other molecules, so the body keeps it locked up tight, bound to molecules that prevent it from wreaking havoc on the tissues. If you try to add extra blocks to the sides pyramid, they may stay put for a while, but they'll eventually fall away. Fossils represent the biological evolution of species. This Wyoming fossil has upturned the evolutionists Geologic chart to not be so logical anymore. At the ALS, researchers identified iron particles associated with soft tissues recovered from two Mesozoic dinosaurs. The soft tissues found by Schweitzer and others are not mineral replacements of soft tissue; they are the original soft tissue. " Soft tissues and cell-like microstructures derived from skeletal elements of a well-preserved Tyrannosaurus rex [include] transparent, hollow and pliable blood vessels; intravascular material, including in some cases, structures morphologically reminiscent of vertebrate red blood cells; and osteocytes with intracellular contents and flexible By appealing to the magic of futureware, Landon Andersons statement could be sung to the tune of Somewhere Over the Rainbow.*. It was really convincing, says paleontologist Martin Sander of the University of Bonn, Germany. But a surprising number of fossil specimens also contained soft tissues, including structures resembling blood vessels, tubular nerve projections, collagen and Since then Schweitzer said, Thats the way science should work. Then he raises more doubt by asserting, the notion that cells and soft tissues are unlikely to preserve within mineralized vertebrate remains is questionable on its own, since fossil fuels consist of kerogens left by plants. In samples from their 68-million-year-old T. rex, Schweitzer and colleagues Privacy Statement The discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones by Mary Schweitzer was unexpected and scientists have struggled to find a robust explanation. Does he deal adequately with all the objections, like temperature fluctuations, percolating water, radiation and all? You would have to invent a Armitage was fired because of the intellectual intolerance that other scientists felt toward creationists. Read on to see what it takes to date a fossil and what volcanic ash has to do with it. Yet Landon Anderson (hence LAA, to distinguish from Kevin Anderson), puts cells and soft tissues in scare quotes so as to raise doubt in the readers mind. Sometimes a dinosaur carcass has been preserved as a natural mummy with widespread skin impressions. While fossils of large titanosaur limb bones can largely resist decomposition, their relatively smaller skulls are much more rare. "How do geologists date rocks? Since 2004, soft tissue has been discovered in fossils all over the world, spanning the entire Deep Time continuum, as Dr Brian Thomas at ICR has shown. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Subjects: Scientific Evidence for a Young Earth? Schweitzer's most explosive claim came 2 years later in two papers in Science. The same is true if you take a block away from one of the pyramid's sides, making the rest unstable. The controversial discovery of 68-million-year-old soft tissue from the bones of a Tyrannosaurus rex finally has a physical explanation. Six reasons to be skeptical of the geologic time scale. Using a mass spectrometer, they carried out chemical analysis of the putative However we have no reason to believe that they were not literal years, genesis is very specific, even to odd numbers. Scientists who had to break a dinosaur bone to remove it from its sandstone location say they have recovered 70-million-year-old soft tissues from inside the bone. Scientists have had two decades to think about soft tissue preservation in dinosaur bones. Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter and Google+. It weighed 8 kg (18 pounds). As shown in Appendix B, this belief is largely due to their naturalistic worldview. New Scientist. By using radiometric dating to determine the age of igneous brackets, researchers can accurately determine the age of the sedimentary layers between them. Titanosaurs include some of the largest land animals to ever existsome could measure up to 123 feet long. Medullary bone occurs in both branches of dinosaurs, so it likely evolved soon after the split from crocodilians. The contact with the surface protects the protein and keeps the pieces of collagen juxtaposed whenever the protein strands break. in Communicative Disorders from Utah State University in 1977, and got a Certificate of Secondary Education in Broadfield Science from Montana State University in 1988. The ratio of parents to daughters can tell the researcher how old the specimen is. (1/2/2008) http://museumvictoria.com.au/prehistoric/what/fossilage.html#absolute, University of California at Berkeley. "They basically act like formaldehyde.". Even if the individual protein strands break down, the fiber would still remain largely intact because of all the association points. "The problem is, for 300 years, we thought, 'Well, the organics are all gone, so why should we look for something that's not going to be there?' If the broken strands were not held juxtaposed to each other, the fragments would diffuse away from each other, thus, preventing the reversal of the degradation process. How many are there, and which one is Jesus in? The first-of-its-kind find reveals how sauropods may have moved between Australia and South America during the mid-Cretaceous. Observations on life; particularly spiritual, Being fruitful in work, service & relationships, Six reasons to be skeptical of the geologic time scale. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. The big question is, why are the soft tissues still there in dinosaur bones when artificial decay experiments show soft tissues can last thousands of years but not millions of years? A chemical framework for the preservation of fossil vertebrate cells and soft tissues. That idea is not considered by LAA. Service R F , 2017, I dont care what they say about me: Paleontologist stares down critics in her hunt for dinosaur proteins, Science, Portland, Oregon, 13 Sep, 2017. You can learn more about fossils, dinosaurs, radiometric dating and related topics by reading through the links below. And it doesnt explain wholly soft, pliable tissue. And so all of you skeptics eat crow; away with you! To read the time on this radioactive clock, scientists use a device called a mass spectrometer to measure the number of parent and daughter atoms. For a scientist committed all his life to Deep Time, stretchable soft tissue is hard for someone like Landon Anderson to accept in bones believed to be tens of millions of years old. Advertising Notice These are chemical elements, like carbon or uranium, that are identical except for one key feature -- the number of neutrons in their nucleus. In addition, the oldest known moon rocks are 4.5 billion years old. So to determine the age of sedimentary rock layers, researchers first have to find neighboring layers of Earth that include igneous rock, such as volcanic ash. His job in academia may depend on his being an old-earther. They've even found chemical reactions consistent with the presence of DNA, though Schweitzer is quick to note that she hasn't proven DNA is really present. In 2005 paleontologist Mary Schweitzer found the first evidence for soft tissues in a dinosaur bone. Armitages attorney said that the state would never have paid such a huge sum unless it was very concerned about losing in court. The result is like a radioactive clock that ticks away as unstable isotopes decay into stable ones. Since 2004, soft tissue has been discovered in fossils all over the world, Yeah, those frogs were preserved via crosslinking with formaldehyde. Numerous collagen triple helices assemble in a staggered fashion to form a larger structure called a collagen fibril. Collagen fibers comprise one of the chief components of connective tissue, are embedded in the bone matrix, and help form blood vessels. Today's knowledge of fossil ages comes primarily from radiometric dating, also known as radioactive dating. The half-life of carbon-14 is only 5,730 years, so carbon-14 dating is only effective on samples that are less than 50,000 years old. The discovery is the latest in several recent - and controversial - soft tissue finds by archaeologists: researchers last November claimed the controversial discovery of The half-life of carbon-14 is only 5,730 years, so carbon-14 dating is only effective on samples that are less than 50,000 years old. But people like her never seem to question their deep time evolutionary assumptions. Since 2004, soft tissue has been discovered in fossils all over the world, spanning the entire Deep Time continuum, as Dr Brian Thomas at ICR has shown. This is about 20,000 times older than the biblical explanation, which is a huge difference (more than 4 orders of magnitude). Bio-film (a product of more recent bacterial action), cant explain the presence of proteins or DNA. They seem so fresh that it appears as Scientists can't tell whether the clock ran down a few days or millions of years ago. Fossils represent the order of burial during the flood. L ast year at about this time, it was disclosed that scientists had made an amazing discovery of a Tyrannosaurus rex thigh bone that still retained well-preserved soft tissue (which included blood vessels and cells). | It also explains why collagen fragments survived for 68 million years and is consistent with my earlier suggestions. These regions are the most protected within the collagen fiber. Photograph B shows the demineralized bone in (A) after air drying. Yes. These two hypotheses, taken together, dont answer every question regarding soft tissue preservation in deep time. Photograph C shows regions of demineralized bone showing fibrous character (arrows). Biblical explanation The global flood about 4.5k years ago and associated tectonic activity and volcanism produced enormously thick sequences of sedimentary rocks over a short period of time. The biblical explanation allows for catastrophic events (such as the flood of Noah), whereas the Uniformitarian explanation minimizes the role of catastrophic events (because it has a preference for gradual events). The American Biology Teacher (2021) 83 (5): 298302. Questions remain regarding how the predominant preservation pathways change under different environmental conditions, but Anderson believes that demystifying the general chemical theory behind the processes involved is an important first step. Dinosaurs are believed to have walked the Earth for close to 165 million years. We have seen that the biblical time scale They're also buried in sandstone, which is porous and may wick away bacteria and reactive enzymes that would otherwise degrade the bone. Notice that the press release admits that these biological tissues and cells exist. It forms minuscule iron nanoparticles and also generates free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules thought to be involved in aging. Schweitzer has also isolated organic compounds and antigenic structures in sauropod egg shells. This information has also helped determine the age of the Earth itself. Version 1.2 (1/2/2008) http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/, USGS. While the oldest known rocks on Earth are about 3.5 billion years old, researchers have found zircon crystals that are 4.3 billion years old [source: USGS]. The substance left behind was a stretchy material that showed blood vessels, bone-building cells known as osteocytes and other organic features when observed under Original article on LiveScience. Mary Schweitzer proposed that iron from blood helped preserve dinosaur tissue for millions of years by crosslinking proteins and acting as an anti-oxidant. How to read the Bible in chronological order. Soft fibrillar bone tissue was discovered inside the fossil brow horn of a Triceratops horridus. The famous case is when when American paleontologist Mary Schweitzer of North Carolina State University discovered collagen fibers in the fossilized leg bone of a T rex. Looking at a nearly 150-million-year-old tibia of the large predator Allosaurus fragilis from Utah, the trio found a layer of bone in which the tissue was disorganized and replete with traces of blood vessels, suggesting it had grown quickly. On the other hand, under the geologic time scale, the dinosaurs are about 100 million years old. Think of the nucleus as a pyramid of building blocks. Under the direction of mentor Jack Horner, she received her Ph.D. in Biology from Montana State University in 1995. They found the proteins really did come from dinosaur soft tissue. Dinosaur bones, on the other hand, are millions of years old -- some fossils are billions of years old. to explain how it could last tens of millions of years. These undated photos provided by the journal Science show demineralized fragments of tissues lining the marrow cavity of a Tyrannosaurus Rex femur. But you can disprove it. ]]>. Margaret Osborne is a freelance journalist based in the southwestern U.S. How Are Dino Tissues Preserved in Deep Time? The flood was followed by an ice age during which there were volcanic and glacial impacts. 15 January 2008. In relative dating, fossils are compared to similar fossils and rocks, the ages of which are known. This is what archaeologists use to determine the age of human-made artifacts. Uniformitarian explanation Sea levels changed gradually over millions of years to produce the enormously thick sequences of sedimentary rocks that record the long history of geological time. Appendix B: Different explanations of geological history. Does it render tissue impenetrable to cosmic rays, radon in the soil, or bioturbation? However, Mary Schweitzer, a molecular paleontologist at North Carolina State University, who headed up the research on the T. rex remains, explained that the soft tissue was able to be preserved by iron in the dinosaurs body, which preserved the tissue before it could decay. When paleontologist Mary Schweitzer found soft tissue in a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, her discovery raised an obvious question -- how the tissue could have survived so long? In most cases, microbes feast on a dead animal's soft tissue, destroying it within weeks. After death, though, iron is let free from its cage. and nobody looks," she said. The element's half-life is the amount of time it takes for half the parent atoms in a sample to become daughters. Sauropod skulls consist of delicate bones held together by soft tissue and may have been prime targets for predators, Poropat writes in the Conversation. Using the basic ideas of bracketing and radiometric dating, researchers have determined the age of rock layers all over the world. | READ MORE. The iron-removing techniques should allow paleontologists to search more effectively for soft tissue, and to test it when they find it. Cookie Policy The discovery of Ann is helping uncover more details about D. matildae. You would have to invent a how collagens structural features allow fragments to survive for eons, Design of Life: Its a Matter of Physical Evidence & Logic, Judge Phil Ginn Condemns UN Demonic Proposal to Legalize Consensual Sex with Minors, Rely on Christ Instead of the Government in the Face of Religious Attacks, Says Judge Phil Ginn, Judge Phil Ginn Calls for Truth and Love in the Face of Heretical Easter Sermon, The Message of the Gospel is the Only Antidote for the Malaise So Prevalent in America Today, says Judge Phil Ginn, James D. San Antonio et al., Dinosaur Peptides Suggest Mechanisms of Protein Survival,, Thomas G. Kaye, Gary Gaugler, and Zbigniew Sawlowicz, Dinosaurian Soft Tissues Interpreted as Bacterial Biofilms,. Remember that Mary Schweitzer shocked 60 Minutes host Leslie Stahl and dinosaur paleontologist Jack Horner by showing the tissue was still stretchable. Uniformitarian scientists get upset by statements like these because they assume that the earth is billions of years old and that life began simple and became more complex over time. Formaldehyde, of course, preserves tissue. Your Privacy Rights That was about 65 million years ago. Category index This review posits a chemical framework describing the persistence of biological soft tissues into deep time. Because scientists knew that soft tissues didnt last that long before they degrade, Schweitzer said that there were two alternatives for the interpretation of these observations, either the dinosaurs arent as old as we think they are, or maybe we dont knowexactlyhow these things get preserved (interview of Schweitzer in 2014). Part of HuffPost Science. New research from an interdisciplinary team of scientists provides further response to this question by demonstrating how collagens structural features allow fragments to survive for eons.1. Fossil age is determined using two methods, relative dating and absolute dating. One (Biblical) is based on recorded history in the Bible and the other (Uniformitarian) is based on assuming that the present (processes today) is the key to the past (ancient processes) and on the hypothetical geologic time scale. . The earths geological and climatological history has determined the current geomorphological and geological structure of the earth. Based at North Carolina State University, Schweitzer is currently researching Molecular Paleontology, molecular diagenesis and taphonomy, evolution of physiological and reproductive strategies in dinosaurs and their bird descendants, and astrobiology. 2017: the study done in 2009 was repeated in order to answer critics. Finally, collagens association with the bone matrix provides added stability to the collagen proteins. The most widely known form of radiometric dating is carbon-14 dating. Her first report of the preserved tissue ( Science, 25 March 2005, p. 1952) was based on preliminary tests. [5], In 2000, Bob Harmon, chief preparator of paleontology at the Museum of the Rockies, discovered a Tyrannosaurus skeleton in the Hell Creek Formation in Montana. Since then, the claim of discovering soft tissues in an ancient fossil has been disputed by some molecular biologists. At that time, Australia, Antarctica, New Zealand and South America were all connected in a southern landmass known as Gondwana. WebThe Soft Tissue in Dinosaur Bone. The stretchy material, which Wake up to the day's most important news. Osteocytes with delicate filipodia and blood vessels in ostrich bone (A, C) compared with similar soft tissues in a dinosaur bone (B, D). Such implications that are immediately apparent from examining the chemical framework are discussed. 15009 Lancaster Highway | Charlotte, NC 28277704-847-5600 |[emailprotected] 2022 | All Rights Reserved, Affiliation, Authorization, & Accreditation, 3 Reasons You Should Consider a Seminary Education, 8 Essential Facts for Effective Christian Apologetics, 24 Questions about Christianity & Social Justice. This means that soft tissue in dinosaur bones provides another reason (besides, living fossils, coastal geomorphology, fossilization of large animals and orally-transmitted Aboriginal stories) to be skeptical of the uniformitarian (geologic) time scale. How do scientists know the bones are really 68 million years old? And in 2015 fibers and cellular structures were discovered preserved in 75 million year old dinosaur specimens. To preserve the chemistry of potential soft tissue, the specimens must not be treated with preservatives or glue, as most fossil bones are, she said. Have evolutionists and believers in Deep Time been able to get a grip? "The free radicals cause proteins and cell membranes to tie in knots," Schweitzer said. Young-Earth Creationists Arent the Only Skeptics. "Geologic Time." Scientists have had two decades to think about soft tissue preservation in dinosaur bones. Soft tissue impressions are usually of the skin. Fossils can't form in the igneous rock that usually does contain the isotopes. But does formaldehyde preserve tissues for tens of millions of years? Chronological index. So believing proteins could last for tens of millions of years takes enormous faith. The controversial discovery of 68-million-year-old soft tissue from the bones of a Tyrannosaurus rex finally has a physical explanation. Schweitzer and her colleagues found that dinosaur soft tissue is closely associated with iron nanoparticles in both the T. rex and another soft-tissue specimen from Brachylophosaurus canadensis, a type of duck-billed dinosaur. Some researchers say that the detailed, external bone surface texture on the face of, say, the T. rex is just like that of a crocodilian. Wollemi pine: A living fossil Perhaps both the dinosaur tissue and kerogens are young. Her work has appeared in theSag Harbor Expressand has aired onWSHU Public Radio. The extreme temperatures of the magma would just destroy the bones. They are not denying it, as if misrepresentations or misidentifications have been made. The short half-life is only part of the problem when dating dinosaur bones -- researchers also have to find enough of the parent and daughter atoms to measure. It was filed under Christian, Creation, Spiritual and was tagged with Armitage, biblical time, blood cells, Blood vessels, dinosaur, discimination, geologic time, proteins, Schweitzer, soft tissue. These layers are like bookends -- they give a beginning and an end to the period of time when the sedimentary rock formed. Why was Noahs family saved while the rest died in the flood. In 2000, paleontologist Bob Harmon found a These soft tissues are composed mainly of proteins, which are believed to completely degrade within about four million years. Within the bone matrix, collagen fibers adsorb to the mineral component of bone. The bone was said to be 68 million years old according to the geologic time scale. This news coincides with the release of the film Jurassic World, in which fictional scientists resurrect dinosaurs using dino DNA that "iron chelators" somehow preserved for millions You can't predict when a specific unstable atom, or parent, will decay into a stable atom, or daughter. Armitages claim that he had been unlawfully terminated was vindicated as the university was unwilling to go to court. We have seen that the biblical time scale gives a more realistic explanation of the presence of soft tissue in dinosaur bones than the uniformitarian (geologic) time scale. Some of the isotopes used for this purpose are uranium-238, uranium-235 and potassium-40, each of which has a half-life of more than a million years. Radiometric dating!" Rare 95-Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Skull Uncovered in Australia. A chemical framework for the preservation of fossil vertebrate cells and soft tissues (Landon A. Anderson, Earth Science Reviews, May 2023 issue). Since 2004, soft tissue has been discovered in fossils all over the world, spanning the entire Deep Time continuum, as Dr Brian Thomas at ICR has shown. They discovered that the fragments all came from the innermost areas of the fibers, where the strands are packed most closely. Mark Armitage participated in a dig at the Hell Creek Formation, in Montana, a world-famous dinosaur graveyard. The discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones was unexpected and scientists have struggled to find a robust explanation. (Remember that 7th grade frog dissection? There were multiple ice ages over millions of years. Along with What are the idle words referred to in Matthew 12:36? "Determining the Age of Rocks and Fossils." document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Scripture index As the soft tissue in dinosaur bones can be explained readily under the biblical time scale, this supplies a more realistic explanation of the presence of soft tissue in dinosaur bones than the uniformitarian (geologic) time scale. "Rock of Ages - Cleft by Laser." 2007: microstructures commonly seen in modern collagen were seen in a T. rex sample. Ive been trying ever since to disprove it. Schweitzer is set to search for more dinosaur soft tissue this summer. He doesnt know that, because he tosses the solution into the futureware bucket. So far, there is every indication that the dinosaur soft tissuesincredible as it seemsare real biological leftovers from their once-living hosts. This forced closeness allows for broken strands to occasionally rejoin and reform the original protein. Artwork by Scott Hartman reveals the bone structure of T. rex. The controversial discovery of 68-million-year-old soft tissue from the bones of a Tyrannosaurus rex finally has a physical explanation. According to new research, iron in the dinosaur's body preserved the tissue before it could decay. They soaked one group of blood vessels in iron-rich liquid made of red blood cells and another group in water. Scientists have excavated the first near-complete skull of a sauropod to ever be found in Australia. Then a blatant assertion is made to sweep away the issue: Because we didnt realize that these processes could come from the same starting place and share a step, the hypotheses have been presented as separate, Anderson says. Before the law suit on this dismissal went to court, CSUN settled, paying compensatory damages, lawyers fees, and money for lost wages. Where they should be three separate bones, these bones have grown together, Carrano said. The extraction of protein, soft tissue, remnant cells and organelle-like structures from dinosaur fossils has been confirmed. Traces of dino blood, soft tissue found even in junk bones Cookie Settings, Elena Marian / Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamondand Why the British Won't Give It Back. Was Philip transported miraculously after the Ethiopian was baptized? However we have no reason to believe that they were not literal years, genesis is very specific, even to odd numbers. One of the most provocative pieces of evidence young-earth creationists cite for a 6,000- to 10,000-year-old Earth is the discovery of soft-tissue remains in a dinosaur specimen that dates around 68 million years old. Demineralized fragments of tissues lining the marrow cavity of Tyrannosaurus rex femur. Both of these ages are assigned according to the geological time scale. At least six possible explanations (including bacterial contaminants) have been suggested for this preservation of soft tissue in dinosaur bones, but they have all been refuted (Thomas, 2019). 2005: dissolving the minerals in a Cretaceous T. rex fossil sample revealed structures that looked like millimeter-long blood vessels that flexed and stretched like real tissue when tugged by tiny tweezers. The more vulnerable areas of the fibers should break down first, with the most protected ones persisting over timea type of molecular survival of the fittest. The last step may be the trickiest: Possibly the most controversial part of reconstructing a dinosaur's appearance is determining what, That study, mentioned by Kevin Anderson in the video clip, reported stretchable tissue and osteocytes present in a Triceratops horn. That gives him an escape valve. Amino acid sequencing of several samples have shown matches with the known collagens of chickens, frogs, newts and other animals. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Each of them typically exists in igneous rock, or rock made from cooled magma. 5. Are the data driving the paradigm, or vice versa? Eight protein fragments were found from a 80 million year old (geologic time scale) hadrosaur fossil. The American Biology Teacher (2021) 83 (5): 298302. The recent discovery of preserved cells and soft tissues in certain dinosaur bones seems incompatible with an age of millions of years, given the expectation that cells and soft tissues should have decayed away after millions of years. Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday. Terms of Use But there are a number of different chemical pathways that can result in crosslinking. Now, the 95-million-year-old fossil is revealing insights into how dinosaurs may have traveled between continents. What did David mean when he wrote that he was fearfully made in Psalm 139:14? You cant prove something is true. "[8], Schweitzer previously announced similar discoveries in 1993. Ever since Mary Schweitzer found soft, stretchy tissue in a T. rex fossil in 2004, scientists have been trying to come to grips with how some biological tissues and cells could preserve within ancient critters. Radiometric dating isn't the only method of determining the age of rocks. Havent you seen bicycles, tanks and Model T Fords before?. In cases such as with coalified fossil wood, for example, this conversion of biomolecules towards kerogen macromolecules can preserve original tissue morphology (Gupta et al., 2007a; Gupta, 2015; Mustoe, 2018). Also see: Lots of limestone (1/2/2008) http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg13117884.900-rock-of-ages--cleft-by-laser-if-you-want-to-date-a-rockget-a-laser-thats-the-message-for-geologists-interested-in-the-preciseageof-anything-from-moon-rocks-to-hominid-fossils-.html, Museum Victoria.

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